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Development of a Core Outcome Set for Facial Gender Affirming Surgery 

Facial gender-affirming surgery (fGAS) is an essential component of gender-affirming care, which has been shown to improve the well-being and quality of life for transgender and gender non-binary (TGNB) individuals. While clinical and psychosocial outcomes are widely reported in the surgical literature, they have historically employed ad hoc and non-validated outcome measures with wide variability across studies. Achieving a high-level of evidence is further complicated by the highly specialized nature of fGAS resulting in a predominance of single-surgeon retrospective case-series. This heterogeneity in outcomes reporting has limited comparative analysis across studies and reduced the overall level of evidence within the field of fGAS. As the field matures and surgical practices expand, it is imperative that surgeons and researchers consolidate around a standardized minimum core outcome set (COS).

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